Who decides each individual area’s budget for the year?

Answer: 

The budgeting process begins in each school or major unit, which assembles its own budget proposal for the year ahead. The provost makes budget decisions after consulting with a group of advisors—including the senior vice president for operations, the vice president for finance, other senior administrators, and tenured faculty members—who meet with the dean or director and financial team of the school or unit to review the proposed budgets.